NASA’s rover Perseverance makes historic Mars landing

NASA’s Mars rover Perseverance, the most advanced astrobiology lab ever sent to another world, streaked through the Martian atmosphere on Thursday and landed safely inside a vast crater, the first stop on a search for traces of ancient microbial life on the Red Planet.

Mission managers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) near Los Angeles burst into applause, cheers, and fist-bumps as radio beacons signaled that the rover had survived its perilous descent and arrived as planned on the floor of Jezero Crater, site of a long-vanished Martian lake bed.

The first images arrive moments after NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover spacecraft successfully touched down on Mars at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, U.S., on February 18, 2021. NASA TV/Handout via REUTERS

The six-wheeled vehicle came to rest about 2 kilometers from towering cliffs at the foot of a remnant fan-shaped river delta etched into a corner of the crater billions of years ago and considered a prime spot for geo-biological study on Mars.

“Touchdown confirmed,” Swati Mohan, the lead guide and operations specialist, announced from the control room. “Perseverance safely on the surface of Mars.”

The robotic vehicle sailed through space for nearly seven months, covering 293 million miles (472 million km) before piercing the Martian atmosphere at 12,000 miles per hour (19,000 km per hour) to begin its descent to the planet’s surface.

Moments after touchdown, Perseverance beamed back its first black-and-white images from the Martian surface, one of them showing the rover’s shadow cast on the desolate, rocky landing site.

Perseverance’s First Images

Members of NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover team watch in mission control. The first images arrive moments after the spacecraft successfully touched down on Mars at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, U.S., on February 18, 2021. (NASA/Bill Ingalls/Handout via REUTERS

Because it takes radio waves 11 minutes to travel from Mars to Earth, the SUV-sized rover had already reached Martian soil by the time its arrival was confirmed by signals relayed to Earth from one of several satellites orbiting Mars.

The spacecraft’s self-guided descent and landing during a complex series of maneuvers that NASA dubbed “the seven minutes of terror” stands as the most elaborate and challenging feat in the annals of robotic spaceflight.

Acting NASA chief Steve Jurczyk called it an “amazing accomplishment,” adding, “I cannot tell you how to overcome with emotion I was.”

Deputy Project Manager for the rover, Matt Wallace, said the descent and landing systems “performed flawlessly.”

The landing represented the riskiest part of a two-year, $2.7 billion endeavor whose primary aim is to search for possible fossilized signs of microbes that may have flourished on Mars some 3 billion years ago when the fourth planet from the sun was warmer, wetter and potentially hospitable to life.

Scientists hope to find biosignatures embedded in samples of ancient sediments that Perseverance is designed to extract from Martian rock for future analysis back on Earth – the first such specimens ever collected by humankind from another planet.

Two subsequent Mars missions are planned to retrieve the samples and return them to NASA in collaboration with the European Space Agency in the next decade.

Thursday’s landing also came as a triumph for the pandemic-weary United States, still gripped by economic and social upheaval from the COVID-19 pandemic. The public health crisis emerged in the months before the rover was launched in July and complicated the Mars mission’s execution.

U.S. President Joe Biden, watching NASA coverage of the event at the White House, tweeted his congratulations, saying, “Today proved once again that with the power of science and American ingenuity, nothing is beyond the realm of possibility.”

In a special salute in keeping with virtual communications emblematic of the era, the JPL webcast included a Zoom-like video collage flashing the faces of hundreds of Perseverance team members from home offices where many worked remotely through the pandemic.

Search for Ancient Life

A replica of the Mars 2020 Perseverance Rover is shown during a press conference ahead of the launch of a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket carrying the rover at the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral, Florida, U.S., July 29, 2020. REUTERS/Joe Skipper/

NASA scientists have described Perseverance as the most ambitious of nearly 20 U.S. missions to Mars, dating back to the Mariner spacecraft’s 1965 fly-by.

Larger and packed with more instruments than the four Mars rovers preceding it, Perseverance is set to build on previous findings that liquid water once flowed on the Martian surface and that carbon and other minerals altered by water and considered precursors to the evolution of life were present.

Perseverance’s payload also includes demonstration projects that could pave the way for eventual human exploration of Mars, including a device to convert the carbon dioxide in the Martian atmosphere into pure oxygen.

The box-shaped tool, the first built to extract a natural resource of direct use to humans from an extraterrestrial environment, could prove invaluable for future human life support on Mars and produce rocket propellant to fly astronauts home.

Another experimental prototype carried by Perseverance is a miniature helicopter designed to test the first powered, controlled flight of an aircraft on another planet. If successful, the 4-pound (1.8-kg) helicopter could lead to low-altitude aerial surveillance of distant worlds, officials said.

At a site that NASA described as both tantalizing to scientists and especially hazardous for landing, the daredevil nature of the rover’s descent to the Martian surface was a momentous achievement in itself.

The multi-stage spacecraft carrying the rover soared into the top of the Martian atmosphere at nearly 16 times the speed of sound on Earth, angled to produce aerodynamic lift while jet thrusters adjusted their trajectory.

Jarring, supersonic parachute inflation further slowed the descent, giving way to deploying a rocket-powered “sky crane” vehicle that flew to a safe landing spot and lowered the rover on tethers, then flew off to crash a safe distance away.

Extra cameras designed to shoot Perseverance video as it plunged toward the surface are believed to have captured the first footage ever recorded of a spacecraft descending onto another planet, JPL officials said. That video may be ready to show the world as early as next week, Wallace said.

Perseverance’s immediate predecessor, the rover Curiosity, landed in 2012 and remained in operation, as does the stationary lander InSight, which arrived in 2018 to study the deep interior of Mars.

(Reporting by Steve Gorman in Los Angeles; Editing by Will Dunham and Aurora Ellis)

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